Means for pumping fluids



Man'. 27, i923..

A. G. L.. NEIGHBOUR ET AL MEANS FOR PUMPING FLUIDS Original Filed ,A

:milk

i2/Zi Ha. AGL/Sleigh, bourf Patented Mar. 27, 1923.

unirse starr.

rilassa s miser Orl-ries.

ARTHUR G. L. yivRIeII'BouR AND HARRY c. W. NEIGHBOUR, or BRIGHTON, VICTORIA.,

AUSTRALIA. i

MEANS, ROR Pur/Immer Bruins.

Applicationled Aprl22, 1918, Serial No. 229,939. .i Reneyved September12,V 1921. Serial No.`.500`,455`.

To all ri/Low?, tymctg/ concern Be it knoivnv that We, ARTHUR GEORGE LLQYD Nuieirnounfancl HARRY CuoriJ VVYNNE 'llniicrrnoiim subjectsl of the King ofl Great rBritain, residingat Brighton, in the State of Victoria, Commonwealth of Australia. have invented new and useful, improvements in Means "for Pumpingllluids, of ivhichthe folloivinglis a specifica-tiem This invention relates `to improvements in meansy for pumpingtluids such as water, oilor air9 andfmore particularly hasreferkence `to an improved pump which is highly eliicient and very reliableand durable in operation, and extremely simple, compact and light( inlcorristruction andconsequently economical 4in* manufacture.

The inyention is particularly well adapted tothe construction of small `air compres` sors andyacuum pumps.

Air compressors constructed in accordance with the invention are Jive'll adapted. forl inlating lthe tires ofr motor vehicles, 'andere .very suitable forl supplying compressed air for the'hrakes of electrically driven railway trains and tramway cars and for starting largenternal combustionengines. o Vacuum pumps made in accordance Hvith the invention are capable of use in connection with vacuum .cleaners rand milking machines, for the latteryery siniplle, durable and eiiicient pumps arerequiredf y.

The inventionis, moreover, very suitable for forcing` oil under pressure to the bear` ings of high speed machinermsuch for `eX- ample ash-ighspeed steam and internal combustioln engines andsteafrn turbines. Il urtliermoi Figure `2 is a View intransverse section taken'on the line 242', Figure 1` of the air compressor sheivn therein. v `Figure 3 is 'a ydetached 'vieiv partly inside elevation and partly in7 section to a pump pistonnandlparts which co-act thereivithfconstructed in accordance vvithlth'e inyenti'oii.

Figure 4 is a vieuT in longitudinal section of an air compressor vacuum ,pumpcoinprising the essential features of the invention" and constructed for general purpose-s.

Figures 5 and 6 4are diagrammatical vie Ws illustrating the cycle of operations during one revolution 'of thecrank-shaft of ya compreSSQl. or pump embodying the essential features ofthe invention. y.

`Figure 7. is a sectional vieuT taken `substantially through the center of FigureQ `and looking at thetop.

` In these drawings like characters of reference denote similar or. corresponding parts in the1 different vieivsandthe". numeral l designatesy a pump or compressor cylinder containing a piston 2 adapted to `"reciprocate therein. At the middlepoint of the length of said cylinder l and formed integrally therewith is y a laterally( projectingy boss 3. This centrally `disposed 8 has its 'axis perpendicular to andkintersecting'that .of 'the cylinder 1l, andpforms the housing for the bearingd in" xvhich is rotatably mounted the Qreretins, Crank-Shaft 5 f The bearing Ll:canbelfixed.in the housing orboss .by screwing as shevvnfin4 VFigure 3 and secured in position by `stiidsbr set- `EZ, or it( can bemade a neat lit in said boss screivsvvhi'ch larev passed 'through av flange `on'theout'e'r `end of said bearing l .in'to lugs formed on the sides'of the bossl. or said bearingeY 'an be fixed in the hoss'B in any approved Way.y y

The; crank-shaft 5 is providerfl with a crank-arniyand cranlrpin 7, ivhichfar preferably made .integrally with said crank-'shaft 5 from a single piece of metales slieivirin Figurel 2. f 'In "ordervthat thecrank and crank-pini 7 may be'ivell supported the innerie'nd 8 Vofthe bearing/l is extended ,into

the cylinder l as sheiviifin thereby considerably reducing .the overhang ofs'aid crankjpi'n. i"

A tral verse centrallyfdisposedrectangular slot 9 is cut, as by milling partly through the piston 2 at the middle point of its length. leaving a portion 10 of segmental section connecting together the opposite ends of said piston 2, and said piston 2 can be fitted with rings 11 or other approved packing means,

Recesses 12 formed in the piston 2 on each side of the centrally-disposed slot 9 provide the necessary room or clearance to enable the crank-arm 6 to revolve within the cylinder 1 and permit said bearing lto be extended therein thereby securing the advantages in construction and arrangement above set forth and enabling the pump to be made exceedingly compact.

u 1 sliding block or die 13 is mounted upon the crank-pin 7 and this block or die 18 is slidably and accurately fitted in the centrally-disposed slot 9. As the crank-pin 7 revolves the block or die 13 is carried round in a circular path and at the same time reciprocates transversely in the centrally-disposed slot 9.

This arrangement is an adaptation of the well known slotted cross-head motion but arranged so that the operating parts are contained in a very small space, and it is to be understood that no claim is made broadly for said slotted cross-head motion. 1n the ordinary form of slotted cross-head motion the movement of the block or die in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the reciprocating member which produces the reciprocation of said member is alone made use of, and the movement of said block or die transversely inA the reciprocating member has hitherto been regarded as lost motion and has served no useful purpose.

A salient feature of the present invention is the means whereby said block or die 13 in addition to causing reciprocation of the piston 2 by its longitudinal motion in the direction of the axis offcylinder 1 also by its transverse motion forms the means whereby fluid is admittedy alternately to each end of cylinder 1, said block or die 13 in fact forms a mechanically operated inlet slide valve adapted at the right times to open and admit fluid to the working portions of the cylinder 1 and close when the fluid is to be ex- K pelled therefrom.

' kept in communication with the source of fluidusupply by means of a centrally-disposed inlet orilice 15 formed through the wall of the cylinder 1 at any convenient part of said cylinder 1 situated in the plane pa sing transversely through the middle point thereof.

rThe piston 2 can be provided with longitudinal slots 16 which extend on both sides of the end of the slot 9 andensures that said central chamber is always connected with the inlet orifice 15 in all positions of said piston 2 as shewn in Figures 5 and 6.

Suction or admission ports 17 formed longitudinally' in the piston 2 connect each end thereof with the rectangular slot 9 therein, and these suction ports 17 which can be circular, rectangular or other preferred section are adapted to be simultaneously opened and closed positively and alternately at each end of the stroke of the piston 2 by the block or die 13 as it reciprocates in said slot 9.

` Eduction or dischargevalves 18 of any well known construction commonly used in pumps and compressors are fitted at` any convenient point of the ends of the cylinder 1 and these eduction valves 18 preferably discharge into a chamber 19 formed along the outside of said cylinder 1 and provided with an outlet orifice 20.

f The mode of action or cycle of operations may be readily followed from Figures 5 and 6 of the drawings. 1n Figure ythe piston is shewn at the right end of the cylinder 1 and is about to commence to move towards the left end of said cylinder 1 which for clearness in explanation is assumed to be full of fluid. y

The block 18 is moving downwardly in the slot 9 and is just about to open the port 17 at the right end of the piston 2 and close the port 17 at the'left end thereof. During the lower half of the revolution of the crank-pin 7 the block 13 covers the latter port 17 and is tightly pressed against the left side 'of the slot 9 `thereby preventingr leakage, and the fluid is discharged from the left working chamber of the cylinder 1 through the outlet valve 18 into the chamber 19 whence it passes through the discharge orifice 20.

li/leanwhile fluid has been entering the cylinder 1 through the inlet orifice 15 into the central chamber aforesaid, and passing through the port 17 in the right end of the piston 2 into the right working chamber of the cylinder 1. and when the piston 2 reaches the left end of the said cylinder 1, as shewn in `Figure 6 the right working chamber thereof will be filled with fluid. Y

The block 13 now movesupwardly and opens the left port 17 in the piston 2 and simultaneously closes the right port 17 therein, and during the return stroke of the-piston 2 the fluid in the right working chamber of said cylinder 1 is similarly discharged through the outlet lvalve 18. and the left working chamber of said cylinder 1 is refrom is clearly illustrated and indicated byy arrows shewn therein.

At the end of the stroke ofthe piston 2 the transverse motion of the block 13 is a maximum and results in very rapid opening` and shutting of the said ports 17 thereby enabling the admission and discharge of fluid to and from the working chamber ofthe cylinder 1 to be accurately timed. Moreover, owing tothe rapid transverse motion of they block 13 the ports 17 in the opposite ends of the piston 2'are respectively fully closed and fully opened before the latter commences its stroke. y

The working chamber of the` cylinderl about to be discharged is rapidly shut ofi from the source of fluid supply, and the opposite chamber et lsaid cylinder 1 which is about to be iilled, is with equal rapidity con-l nected therewith. Owing' to the port 17 loeing fully opened on the commencement of the suction stroke of the piston 2 no'vacuum is formed in said chamber andthe fluid enters freely and uninterruptedly thereto; The said chamber is thereby vcompletely iilled with `fluid at the end of the suction stroke ot' the piston 2. l y

Furthermore, the entering fluid has not the resistance to overcome due to passing through automatic inlet valves and such inlet valves7 andthe parts which co-operate with them such as cages, springs, and covers areelimimited, resulting in a reduction of the cost of manufacture.

lVhen the pumpL is intended for intermittent use the block or die 13 can be constructed so as to project beyond the ends ot' the centrally-disposed slot 9 when the `piston 2 is at mid-stroke as shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 3, therebyenabling the cylinder' to be made of simple and compact `construct-ion.

When a block 13 of short length is used a5 shewn in Figures l, 2 and yone end of the said block 13 at mid-stroke of the piston 2 is adjacent to the axis ot the-cylinder` 1i, and said piston 2 when in said mid-stroke position might turn axially in the cylinder 1,` resulting in damage tothe pump.

Axial rotation of the piston 2 may be preventtd by malsing the bore of the cylinder 1 considerably greater than the stroke` thereof, thereby enabling a longer block 13 to be used than is shewn in Figure ,1, which can extendwhen` in mid-stroke position i'or some distance on the opposite sideof the axis of the cylinder 1 to the crank-pin7. ln't-hecase of l shewn, i1i l*`igtne 1in which y' it is not desirable to unduly increase the bore ofthe cylinder 1, a screw or pin 21 is fixed radially in the segmental portionl() of the piston 2 vat the middle point thereof, and this pin is adapted to reciprocate in a centrallydisposed longitudinal slot 22 shewn by broken lines in igure` 1. This pin21 effectivelyprevents any possibilityof axial rotat'on of' the piston'2,` and further prevents any binding of the block 13 on the crank pin 7 When a vacuum pump or air compressor for" general `u`seqis requiredjand which may have to work forlong periods without attention the block V13 is made o1 considerable length as shewn in Figure 1 and in its midstroke positions said block 13 extends beyond the centrally-disposed slot 9 in the piston 2, and said block 13 at its lower midstroke position dips intol a recess 23 formed in the bottomof' the cylinder 1 andv adapted to form an oil bath. Said block 13` can itself' dip into the oil" bath 23, or it'can be provided with a splasher 24 adapted to pass through and throw up the oil in said bath 23.

In order to prevent an excessive amount of' oil passingy into the working chambers of the cylinder 1 the block 13` ismade hollow ras f shewn in Figure t and is provided `with' holes 25 which moves into alignment with the ports 17 at the correct times to admitfiuid thereto. Acylindrical bridge26` is formed integrally with the block 13and this bridge 26 extends transversely across ythe inside of the said block and is bored internally to fit the crank-pin 7. rllhe air enters through the oritice 15 in the side of a recess 27 formed at the top of the cylinder 1 andpasse's downwardly into the interior `of the hollow block 13. Re-

cesses 12 are also provided in each side of the slot 9 inthe piston2, which lpermit the crank arm 6 to revolve within the cylinder and the bearingd to be extended therein, in a similar manner as inthe case ofthe pump hereinbe-I ter or fto the vessel to be exhausted7 andin order to preventa'ir gaining access to lthe cylinder 1 along the crank-shaft 5 the'latter canioe provided with any approved form oi stuffing 'box and packing. v v

A pump or compressor constructed in accordance with the invention is easily taken apart and reassembledJ and in order to acsemble said pump or compressor the block 13 isinserted inthe slot 9 of the piston 2 and the said piston 2Vis-thenI placed inl the cylinder 1 and adjusted to its mid-stroke position.` The crank-shaft 5 is then passed through the boss3 which is made of sufiicient diameter to admit the` crank-arm 6, and the crank-pin 7 is pushed into thehole in the block 13, and finally the bearing` 4 is placed upon the crank-shaft and 'secured ink position. y

`The pump can be provided with a flange ilo rac'

iso c 28 for attachment to a wall or dash-,board of aniotor car or it can be provided with feet 29. Bforeover, for specialpurposes it can be made single acting, only one-port 17 being made in the piston 2, and an eduction `valve 1K8 being provided only at the corresponding end of the said cylinder` l.

At the end of the compression stroke of the piston when the piston 2 ris momentarily arrested the clearance` space contains air at yhigh pressure, and this air as soon as the `block i3 uncovers the inlet port 1'( escapes and the pressure in the clearance space falls to atn'i'ospheric pressure. rfhe piston 2 commences its stroke withr the airy in the clearance space at atmospheric pressure.

ln the `case of a pump having automatic suction valves the high pressure air expands to and below atmospheric pressure before the suction valve opens, the piston in consequence moving some distance before the v'alve'opens resulting in a loss of efficiency. K

What we do claim'is: Y

l; n a fluid pump or compressor, the combinati-on of` a, cylindrical piston chamber of' the saine diameter for the entire length thereof, a piston to reciprocate in the cylinder havinO' a transverse slot, an inlet port in the Wall or the piston chamber in communication with the piston slot, a block slidably fitting in said slot and adapted to reciprocate therein during` the'reciprocation of 4the piston, a port extending longitudinally through the piston from the slot` to the end to coi'mecty the inlet of the pistonchamber with the piston chamber'at one end of and through the piston,- and said block arranged to connect t-he piston port with the inlet to thepiston chamber as the piston movesin one direction and shut oil said piston port from the piston chamber as the piston 'moves in the opposite direction, and a valve controlled outlet port from the piston chamber for the purposes specified.

2. in a. :fluid pump or compressor, the

` combinati-on of a cylinder having anvinlet port, a piston to reciprocate inthe cylinder and separate the cylinder into. a pair of chambers one at each end of the piston, said piston having a slot extending transversely therethrough with which the inlet port of the cylinder lcommunicates, outlet ports from said chambers; ,spring influenced valve closing into and opening outward from the chambers to control said ports, ports through opposite ends of the piston to 'connect the chambers with the piston slot and cylinder Jinlet, and a bloclr slidably mounted in the piston slot adapted to be reciprocated during the reciprocation of the piston and arranged rto alternatelyconnect the piston lports with the piston slot and thereby the inlet port to the cylinder 'for the purpose speoied. y

3. in a fluid pump or Compressor, the combination of a cylinder, a piston to reciprocate in said cylinder and separating the cylinder into a pair of chambers one at each end of the piston said piston having a sl-ot extending transversely therethrough, an inlet port to said cylinder at all times in communication with the piston slot, an outlet port from each chamber controlled by a check valve opening outward from and closing into the chambers; a pair of ports extending longitudinally through the opposite ends of the piston, one at each side of the longitudinal axis of the piston, to connect the chambers with the cylinder inlet through the piston slot, a block slidably mounted in the piston slot and reciprocable therein during the reciprocation of the piston and arranged to alternately connect the piston ports and thereby the chambers with the cylinder inlet through the piston slot, and a crank shaft journaled in the cylinder and carrying said block upon the crank pin.

4. In a fluid pump or compressor, the combination of a cylinder the bore of which is of the same diameter for the entire length thereof and having valved outlets from opposite ends, a piston reciprocably fitting in said cylinder and separating the cylinder into two chambers, one at each end of' the piston, a transverse slot in the piston; an inlet port vto the cylinder in communication with the piston slot, a boss integral with the cylinder to extend laterally therefrom, a bearing in the boss one end of which bearing projects into the cylinder and piston slot, a shaft rotatably mounted in the bearing having a crank-arm and a crank-pin extending into the piston slot, a block mounted on said crank-pin and slidably fitting in the piston slot to reciprocate in said slot as the piston is reciproca-ted, and admission ports in the piston extending from said piston slot through the piston to communicate with the chambers at opposite ends of the cylinder andcontrolled by the movement of the block for the purpose specified.

5. In a fluid pump or compressor, the combination of a cylinder, a piston fitting the cylinder, a transverse slot in the piston, al hollow valve-block slidably fitting said slot, recesses in the upper and lower sides of the cylinder, an inlet oriee in the upper recess admission holes in said hollow valve-block, and admission holes in said piston extending from said transverse slot to the ends of said piston. i

6. In a fluid pump or compressor, the combination of a cylinder, a piston fitting the cylinder, a transverse slot in said piston, a hollow valve-block slidably fitting said slot, a bridge transversely across the inside of said valve-block, a hole through said brid e accommodating a crank-pin and an oil sp asher on the lower end of said valve-block.

shaft and contained within` the cylinder, a rectangular 7. In a fluid pump or compressor, the coinbination .of a cylinder having valved outlet ports from opposite ends, a piston to reciprocate in the cylinder and separate the cylinder into two chambers one ateach end of` the piston, said piston having a slot extendy arranged so as to uncover the ports previously to the commencement of the return stroke of the piston, for the purpose specified. u

8. A fluid pump or compressor comprising` a closed cylinder, a piston fitting the cylinder, a lateral boss formed integrally with the cylinder, a bearing fitting said boss, a crank-shaft rotatably inountedin the bearing, a crank-arm and crank-pin within the cylindei', a transverse slot in the piston, recesses in the piston on each side of said slot, a valve-` block on the crank-pin slidably fitting said slot, an inlet orifice in the cylinder in coinniunication with said slot, admission ports in the piston extending from the slot to the ends of said piston, and discharge valves at the opposite ends of the cylinder.

9. A fluid pump or compressor comprising a closed cylinder, a piston fitting the cylinder, a centrally-disposed lateral boss formed integrally with the cylinder, a bears. ing fitting the lateral boss and extending in` to the cylinder, a crank-shaft rotatably mounted in said bearing, a crank-arm and` crank-pin formed integrally with thecrankcentrally-disposed transverse slot in the piston at the middle point of said piston, recesses in the piston on each side of` the transverse slot, a valve-block mounted on the crank-pin and slidably fitting said slot, a centrally-disposed inlet orifice in the cylinder in communication with the slot, admission ports in the piston extending from the slot to the ends of said piston, discharge valves at the opposite ends of the cylinder, a. delivery chamber formed integrally along the outside of the cylinder, and a discharge orifice in the delivery chamber.

10. In a fluid pump or compressor, the combination of a cylindrical piston chamber having fluid inlet and outlet ports and a laterally extending boss, a piston fitting in said chamber having a transverse slot cut through the side thereof, recesses at opposite sides of the slot of less depth than the slot, a block slidable yin said slot, a shaft journaled in the cylinder boss having a crank and pin, i

the pin being arranged to engage in the piston slot and upon which the block is mounted, and the crank arranged to engage and operate in the piston recesses, for the purpose specified.

1l. In a fluid pump or compressor, the combination of a `cylindrical piston chamber having fluid inlet and outlet ports,` and an opening` in the side midway between the ends and in line with the axis of the cylinder, a piston fitting the piston chamber having a transverse slot between the ends of the pisf ton and recesses at opposite sides of the slot,

a bearing in the cylinder opening extending into therecessed portion ofV the piston, a crank shaft journaled in said bearing with the crank arranged to operate in the recessed portion of the piston and tlie pin to engage in thepiston slot, and a block loosely mountcommunication with the piston slot, an outlet port from each chamber at opposite ends of the piston, ports through opposite endsv of the piston to connect the chambers with the piston slot and cylinder inlet, a crank shaft journaled in the cylinder with the crank pin extending into the piston slot, and a` block mounted on the crank pin engaging in thepiston slot to operatively connect the piston and crank shaft and operableto control the opening and closing of the piston ports.

13.A pump or compressor having a cyl-- inder, a piston in the cylinder, a transversely disposed guide-way in the piston, an opery ative shaft, a cranked member formed on the operative shaft and located in said piston, a bearing support formed integrally ywith said cylinder and of asiZe to permit the paspistoii and the guide-wayto permit of the entrance of said crank member, and a beariioV `sage therethrough of saidcranked member,` u "openings extending longitudinally of the ing in said support extending into the slotted opening in said piston.

ln testimony whereof we afiix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

ARTHURG?. L. NEGHBOUR. HARRY C. NEIGHBUUR.

lVitnesses y A. J. CALLINAN, Jarras H. ANDERSON. 

